The second sector introduces west economic theory about price fluctuation, speculation and risk control fundamentals, etc. The third sector introduces mathematical analysis about price fluctuation by virtue of financial engineering. 第二部分是现代西方经济学关于价格波动、投机、风险控制原理等方面的理论,第三部分是金融工程学关于价格波动性数理方法的介绍。